LNB Types 2025: Complete Guide for Users in Europe and Turkey – Universal, SCR, Quattro, Monoblock
Satellite Systems and What is an LNB?
Millions of users across the European Union and Turkey rely on satellite TV systems to access high-quality television broadcasts. At the heart of every satellite system lies the LNB (Low Noise Block Downconverter), the most critical component of a satellite dish (parabolic antenna). The LNB receives high-frequency signals (10.7–12.75 GHz) from satellites in space, reduces noise, and converts them into lower frequencies (950–2150 MHz) that your satellite receiver can process.
In this article, we present a comprehensive, user-friendly guide specifically designed for residents of EU countries and individuals installing satellite systems in Turkey. Written in clear, accessible language, this guide explains all types of LNBs, their applications, differences, and selection criteria—step by step—suitable for both beginners and users with technical knowledge.
1. What is an LNB? How Does It Work?
LNB, short for Low Noise Block Downconverter, translates to “Low-Noise Frequency Converter” in Turkish. The signals received by the satellite dish are at very high frequencies and cannot be processed directly by standard satellite receivers. This is where the LNB comes into play:
- Signal Reception: The parabolic dish focuses microwave signals from the satellite.
- Frequency Conversion: The LNB downconverts these signals to 950–2150 MHz.
- Noise Reduction: Its built-in low-noise amplifier (LNA) preserves signal quality.
- Transmission via Coaxial Cable: The converted signal travels through satellite-grade coaxial cables (e.g., RG-6) to your receiver.
The LNB is controlled by voltage (13V/18V) and a 22 kHz tone sent from the satellite receiver. This allows it to switch between polarizations (horizontal/vertical) and frequency bands (low/high), enabling seamless access to different channels and broadcasts.
2. Which Satellites Are Used in Europe and Turkey?
Your choice of LNB depends on the satellite you’re targeting. Below are the most commonly used satellites in both regions:
🇪🇺 For Users in the European Union:
- Astra 19.2°E (Luxembourg): Widely used in Germany, the Netherlands, the UK, and Scandinavian countries. Broadcasts BBC, Discovery, National Geographic, and other international channels.
- Hotbird 13°E (Eutelsat): Essential for users in Italy, France, Spain, and the Middle East. Offers Italian, French, Arabic, and religious channels.
- Eutelsat 9B 9°E: Preferred for German and English HD channels.
- Türksat 42°E: Heavily used by the Turkish diaspora in Germany, the Netherlands, and Switzerland.
🇹🇷 For Users in Turkey:
- Türksat 4A/4B 42°E: Turkey’s primary satellite position. Broadcasts major national channels like TRT, Kanal D, Show TV, ATV, Fox, and TV8.
- Türksat 5A/5B 31°E: A next-generation satellite with high capacity, ideal for 4K and high-bandwidth broadcasts.
- Astra 19.2°E and Hotbird 13°E: Used by viewers seeking foreign-language channels.
Tip: Turks living in Europe often aim for both Türksat 42°E and Astra 19.2°E or Hotbird 13°E. In such cases, Universal LNB or a diplexer + single LNB setup is recommended.
3. LNB Types: A Comparative Analysis for Europe and Turkey
Below is a detailed breakdown of each LNB type, including technical specifications, usage scenarios, and regional preferences.
3.1. Universal LNB – The Standard Choice for Everyone
The Universal LNB is the most widely used LNB in both Europe and Turkey. It’s compatible with major satellites like Astra, Hotbird, and Türksat.
- Frequency Range: 10.7–12.75 GHz
- Bands: Low Band (10.7–11.7 GHz), High Band (11.7–12.75 GHz)
- Polarization: V (13V), H (18V)
- 22 kHz Tone: Switches to High Band
- Output Options: 1, 2, 4, or 8 outputs
Advantages:
- Excellent price-to-performance ratio.
- Handles HD, SD, and 4K signals without issues.
- Compatible with nearly all satellite receivers.
Recommendation:
Ideal for Turkish families in Germany and users in Istanbul. For single-TV setups, a Universal Single LNB is sufficient.
3.2. PLL LNB – Professional Solution for Long Cable Runs
PLL (Phase-Locked Loop) LNBs use a crystal oscillator to stabilize frequency, minimizing signal loss and noise.
- Noise Level: As low as 0.1 dB
- Cable Length Support: Up to 50 meters
- Frequency Stability: Resistant to temperature and voltage fluctuations
Where Is It Used in Europe?
- Centralized systems in Germany, the Netherlands, and Switzerland
- Homes with long cable distances
Usage in Turkey:
- New residential complexes and 4K-ready systems
- Especially effective in remote regions like Eastern Anatolia for Türksat 42°E
When Should You Use It?
Always choose a PLL LNB if your cable run exceeds 30 meters.
3.3. Quattro LNB – The Right Choice for Centralized Systems
The Quattro LNB has four separate outputs, each delivering a different band/polarization combination:
- Low-H (Low Band – Horizontal)
- Low-V (Low Band – Vertical)
- High-H (High Band – Horizontal)
- High-V (High Band – Vertical)
How Does It Work?
The Quattro LNB outputs all bands simultaneously. However, it cannot be connected directly to a receiver. It must be used with a multiswitch (distributor), which routes the correct signal to each household.
Usage in Europe:
- Standard in multi-family buildings in Germany, France, and Italy
- Ideal for in-building satellite distribution
Usage in Turkey:
- New housing projects
- Buildings with HD+ system integration
Note: A Quattro LNB requires a multiswitch and cannot be used alone.
3.4. SCR (Unicable) LNB – Single Cable for Multiple Users
The SCR (Single Cable Reception) or Unicable LNB transmits all signals over a single cable, divided into separate channels.
- Standards: Unicable I, Unicable II (JESS)
- Outputs: Usually 1
- User Capacity: 8 to 32 users
- Advantage: No cable clutter—only one cable needed for entire buildings
Widespread Use in Europe:
- Standard in new buildings in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria
- Ideal for IPTV and satellite integration
Growing Demand in Turkey:
- Adopted in smart buildings, offices, and modern residential complexes
- Especially beneficial for users with SCR-compatible satellite receivers
Key Difference: SCR requires a multiswitch but offers greater flexibility and future-proofing compared to Quattro.
3.5. Monoblock LNB – Two Satellites, One Dish
A Monoblock LNB integrates two LNBs into a single housing. It’s primarily used for Hotbird 13°E + Astra 19.2°E.
- Angle Range: Suitable for satellite pairs 6° to 7° apart
- Usage: Only valid for specific satellite combinations
Who Uses It in Europe?
- Common in France, Italy, and Spain
- Turkish residents in Germany use it to access both German and Turkish channels
Usage in Turkey:
- Limited, as the angular distance between Türksat 42°E and Astra 19.2°E is 24.2°
- Monoblock LNB cannot receive both Türksat and Astra!
Tip: If you’re in Europe and want to receive both Hotbird and Astra, a Monoblock LNB is ideal.
3.6. Twin, Quad, Octo LNB – For Multi-TV Households
These LNBs are categorized by output count:
- Twin LNB: 2 outputs – 2 TVs
- Quad LNB: 4 outputs – 4 TVs
- Octo LNB: 8 outputs – 8 TVs
In Europe:
- Popular in large homes in the Netherlands, Sweden, and Denmark
- Enables independent channel selection on each TV
In Turkey:
- Common in villas in Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir
- Ideal for families with multiple viewing needs
Note: These LNBs are typically Universal + PLL-based. Prices increase with quality.
4. How to Choose the Right LNB? Step-by-Step Guide
Step 1: Which Satellite Do You Need?
- EU Users: Astra 19.2°E, Hotbird 13°E
- Turkey Users: Türksat 42°E, 31°E
- Dual-System Users: Astra + Hotbird → Monoblock
Step 2: How Many TVs Will You Connect?
- 1 TV → Single LNB
- 2 TVs → Twin LNB
- 4+ TVs → Quad/Octo or SCR/Quattro + Multiswitch
Step 3: What Is Your Cable Length?
- Under 20m → Standard Universal LNB
- Over 30m → PLL LNB recommended
Step 4: Is Your System Individual or Centralized?
- Individual (Home Use): Universal, Twin, Quad
- Centralized (Apartment Building): Quattro + Multiswitch or SCR LNB
Step 5: Are You Planning for the Future?
- If you plan for 4K, HDR, or IPTV integration, choose SCR LNB.
5. Regulations and Standards in Europe and Turkey
🇪🇺 European Union Rules:
- LNBs must be CE and RoHS certified
- Must pass EMC (electromagnetic compatibility) tests
- Must comply with EN 50421 standard
🇹🇷 Turkey Rules:
- LNBs must have TSE certification
- Only approved devices can be used in BTK-compliant systems
- Satellite dish installation must withstand wind and snow loads
Legal Notice:
In Turkey, receiving or distributing unauthorized broadcasts is subject to penalties under Law No. 5651 (Internet Law) and Copyright Law.
6. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
❓ What’s the difference between Universal and PLL LNB?
Universal LNBs perform basic frequency conversion. PLL LNBs use a crystal oscillator to prevent frequency drift, offering better stability over long cables.
❓ What’s the difference between SCR and Quattro LNB?
SCR sends channel-separated signals over a single cable. Quattro sends all bands simultaneously but requires a multiswitch.
❓ Can I receive Türksat with a Monoblock LNB?
No. Monoblock LNBs are only suitable for satellites 6°–7° apart. The angular distance between Türksat 42°E and Astra 19.2°E is 24.2°, making it incompatible.
❓ Which LNB should Turks in Europe use?
For Astra 19.2°E + Türksat 42°E, use Universal Twin LNB + diplexer or Universal Quad LNB.
The Right LNB for the Best Experience
Choosing the right LNB is not just a technical decision—it directly affects viewing quality, future compatibility, and ease of use. Users in the European Union can build modern systems with SCR and Quattro LNBs, while users in Turkey can enjoy high-quality broadcasts using Universal and PLL LNBs.
Remember:
- High-Quality LNB + Good Cable + Proper Installation = No Signal Interruptions!
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